ECD

The Age of "Small-Mart?"

Here is a really interesting article about how local communities can become mores sustainable by participating in BOTH the global economy while at the same time creating vibrant local economies. The article touches on local foods, energy, environmental sustainability and other ideas about which many local communities are concerned.

Quality Connected Places: Walkable Communities

With gas at $4.00-plus per gallon, living someplace where you get get some things done without jumping in the car, is becoming increasingly more desirable. The site walkscore.com lists America's 40 Most Walkable Communities. Indianapolis ranks 37th with a score of Walkability Score of 42 out of 100. San Francisco occupies the top spot with a score of 86.

The site also has a feature where you can enter in any U.S. address and it will provide a Walkability Score. In case you are wondering, my neighborhood in Lebanon, IN scores an 80. Not bad.

They offer the following advice on what makes a neighborhood walkable:

• A center: Walkable neighborhoods have a discernible center, whether it's a shopping district, a main street, or a public space.
• Density: The neighborhood is compact enough for local businesses to flourish and for public transportation to run frequently.
• Mixed income, mixed use: Housing is provided for everyone who works in the neighborhood: young and old, singles and families, rich and poor. Businesses and residences are located near each other.
• Parks and public space: There are plenty of public places to gather and play.
• Pedestrian-centric design: Buildings are placed close to the street to cater to foot traffic, with parking lots relegated to the back.
• Nearby schools and workplaces: Schools and workplaces are close enough that most residents can walk from their homes.

New models of economic development focus on quality, connected places. Factors like a walkability score are becoming important factors in where people choose to live and work and where companies decide to invest.

Are Indiana communities considering things like walkability as they make land use decisions? Should they be?    

Chicago's Local Food Initiatives

On March 18, 2008 I attended the 3rd Annual Chicago Food Policy Summit at the Chicago Cultural Center. For the past year I've made multiple trips to Chicago (25 miles away) for inspiration on how a large urban center is able to build stronger communities through healthy, local food initiatives. The city has a number of innovative organizations that integrate urban agriculture as a community and economic development activity. Some of these organizations work with at-risk youth or homeless adults and are teaching them gardening techniques, entrepreneurship, and increasing their self-esteem in the process.

For example, here is the working policy objectives  for the Chicago Food Policy Council.  Also the City of Chicago  Dept. of Planning  & Development is invested in  integrating community food systems in their  plan of action.  Last year they came out with a  report, "Chicago: Eat Local, Live Healthy" that looks at integrating locally grown produce and value added food products into Chicago's neighborhoods.

Overall I've been impressed with how progressive Chicago has been on this issue. Imagine if Indiana's metro areas like Gary, South Bend, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, or Evansville integrated local food systems in their plan of work. What if Purdue Extension was able to think outside of the box and support programs like urban agriculture or community gardening and provide impact to those adults and youth who are at-risk.

What if ECD programs looked at local food systems as a way of developing and supporting community entrepreneurship in our urban areas as well as rural communities. We have a great opportunity to move forward in this new and exciting area. Below are some of the Chicago organizations who are doing urban agriculture in the context of community development. Some helpful links are below. Please share your thoughts with me on this issue. Email me here.Thanks.

• Growing Home
• Growing Power, Chicago
• Green Youth Farm
• Heifer International, urban agriculture
• Advocates for Urban Agriculture
  Article on Urban Agriculture in the US

Critical Thinking for Sustainable Community Decision-Making

The Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is a wonderful source for economic and community development tools that take into account issues of sustainability. In the past, the term "sustainability" in a community development context, meant the sustainability of a program - where can we find new grants. Sustainability, as RMI and an increasing number of communities define it, is environmental sustainability - Being sure today's decisions will have a positive, or at least neutral, effect on our environment.

Purdue Extension is uniquely positioned to help Indiana communities think about this new meaning of sustainability and RMI has some tools to help. For instance, they have something called, A Community Leadership Toolkit that helps decision makers evaluate projects and programs from a sustainability point of view. It asks questions like the following:

1. Long-Term Effects: Is this proposed action compatible with the community’s stated
   goals—its vision or preferred future? What effects might the action have in ten years? How will it affect future generations? Can future problems be minimized or avoided ?
2. Off-Site Effects: Will the action cause effects somewhere other than the place where the action will take place? These kind of effects might be, for instance: next door, blocks away, in the next community, downstream or downwind. If there are negative off-site effects, can these be reduced or turned to the community's advantage?
3. Cumulative Effects: An action may seem benign when considered alone, but it may have important negative effects when considered in light of other decisions and actions. Consider these kinds of effects by thinking about previous or likely future actions regarding similar issues. Is the problem we are attempting to solve caused by some earlier action? If so, might today’s proposed action create problems? Where would this action lead us; what problems might it create for future leaders? What will be the cumulative effect of this and other related actions? (i.e. Approving a subdivision
   may contribute to a gradual loss of farmland).
4. Self-Reliance: Will this action affect the community’s self-reliance? Will it make the community less or more vulnerable to outside influences (e.g. global trade, severe weather, economic downturns, corporate or governmental decisions)?
5. Economic Diversity: Will it affect the community's economic diversity? Will the community become more or less dependent on a single large employer or one type of business activity? Will it enable local businesses or residents to produce or buy things locally, instead of outside the community? Does this action put all the community’s eggs in one basket? Is it an all-or-nothing prospect? Or can the strategy withstand partial failure while achieving overall success?
6. Environmental Diversity: Will this action affect environmental diversity? Will it decrease habitat size or type, or number of species?
7. Growth: Will this action make the community better or just bigger? If the action would make the community bigger, who will pay the costs of the expansion? Might this action lead to, or be part of, a boom and bust cycle?
8. Throughput (the quantity and flow of resources that are processed, used, and turned into waste, e.g. the number of harvested bushels, cut trees, or tourist days.):Will this action increase "throughput,” in certain areas without creating the means to pay for associated costs? Has the community reached the point where increasing throughput in certain areas increases costs more than benefits?
9. Fairness: Will this action create inequitable costs and benefits? Will one group receive the benefits of this action while another pays disproportionate costs? Consider age, gender, race, income, and disability. What kind of environmental, social, or economic effect will this action have on less fortunate members of the community? Can the action be changed to distribute benefits and costs more fairly? Will the costs of this action be imposed on future generations who receive less or none of its benefits?
10. Public Services: Will the action affect existing public services (schools, police, roads, water, sewer, etc.)? If the effect is negative, who is being affected by reduced quality of service? Or, who is paying the additional costs to expand services? Is it possible to avoid expansion by using existing resources more efficiently?
11. Finances: What is the net effect on community finances (revenues vs. long-term costs)?
12. Natural Resources: Will this action positively or negatively affect natural resources (water, energy, land, soil nutrients, minerals)? Will the action use resources renewably? If the action will significantly reduce or exhaust a resource, what will the community do? Will the action foster efficient use of resources? Are there opportunities to get the same or more benefit by using fewer resources?
13. Waste: Will this action create significant amounts of waste or pollution ? Is there a way to reduce, reuse, or recycle the wastes? What are the economic, community and environmental costs of disposing of the waste? Are there ways to put the waste to work in the community creating more jobs or income?

The decision-making tool is available here. As community's consider how to both grow and stay "green" what will be Purdue Extension's role in helping them find their way? Resources like this might help.